I've never understood the golden ratio
this video has quite a good explanation. I think I understand it better when explained as a
Fibonacci Sequence and trying it out on squared paper helped
The Rule of Thirds advocates subdividing an image into 9 equal parts and placing important features on the lines that are created. This is linked to the Fibonacci sequence in that the squares are roughly 1/3rds e.g. the blue square is 5x5, the purple square 3x3 and the green square 8x8 1/3 of 8 is 2.666 recurring and 2/3 are 5.333 recurring.
Wikipedia has a good summary of some theories of composition. Layout on the page and use of line tone and contrast makes the viewer read the image as the artist desires. The viewer prefers to see an important object surrounded by an even number of other objects (the Rule of Odds) and to be lead around the picture. A static image is less appealing, we like to let our eyes wander and search for items of interest.
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